Primary focus areas have been the dynamics of infection with various bacteria, such as re-infections versus chronic infections, putative transmission of bacteria between patients, and response to antimicrobial therapy. Based on isolates obtained from collaborating departments in Europe, Asia and South America we have characterised the population of Achromobacter spp and discovered several novel bacterial species infecting cystic fibrosis patients. New research areas include the bacterial adaptation to the human lung, as revealed by genome sequencing. Isolates obtained from chronically infected patients, but separated by a time span of several years, are investigated and compared to reveal the adaptive response to antimicrobial agents and selective pressures of the host.